Optical Fiber Sensors: Working Principle, Applications, and Limitations

Fiber-optic technology emerged originally for applications in data transmission and telecommunications. However, sensors based on fiber-optics have been developed rapidly because of their excellent sensing performances capability to function remote harsh environments. The usage fiber-optic has flourished many fields over the past 30 years due fiber-optic's inherent advantages: cost-effectiveness, miniaturized size, light weight, immunity electromagnetic interference. This work reviews Bragg gratings, long period interferometers, surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence, diffusion. Brief theory principle, fabrication method, applications, advantages disadvantages different sensors, are addressed. Recent progress numerous fields, including environmental, industrial, biomedical discussed each class sensors. review highlights methods techniques used overcome challenges. Finally, prospect future developments is summarized.